Architectural Technologies Studies

Abstract Cultural tourism, as one of the most popular forms of contemporary tourism, aims to explore and experience diverse cultures. In this context, street photography plays a significant role in capturing and documenting cultural tourists' experiences, acting as a tool for preserving and transmitting unique cultural moments. This study explores how street photography can document tourists' experiences and visually represent the atmosphere of various environments. The main objective is to investigate the role of street photography in recording and conveying the cultures and experiences of cultural tourists. Additionally, the research investigates various techniques and styles of street photography to gain a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between cultural tourism and photography. The study employs qualitative methods and content analysis of images. It begins with a review of the theoretical background and previous studies on street photography’s impact on documenting cultural experiences. The analysis includes images from various sources and periods, using different techniques to assess the role and impact of street photography in documenting these experiences. The findings indicate that street photography can capture subtle details of culture and environments that words cannot convey. These images, besides serving as personal souvenirs, play a crucial role in sharing tourists' experiences and enhancing understanding of various cultures. This research provides valuable insights for researchers, photographers, and cultural tourism enthusiasts, offering new perspectives on urban space design and promoting interaction between people and built environments.

Abstract Visual perception of architectural environments requires a deep understanding of concepts that are challenging to acquire only through traditional methods. Therefore, human-computer interaction (HCI) technologies can be used in this field. Among the most essential methods of experiencing architectural space are the virtual environment within the computer, virtual reality, and augmented reality. The purpose of this article is to measure the quality of visual perception of architectural environments using modern digital and computer-based methods. A descriptive-analytical research methodology was employed to achieve the desired goals. The visual perception of the architectural environment was analyzed to identify influential indicators at the cognitive and interpretative component levels. Each component was subdivided into five sub-components according to the literature review, which thoroughly examines all available literature and theories to direct the research. A Likert scale survey questionnaire was used with a statistical sample of 100 people. The questionnaire items were assessed for reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.854, and the questionnaire data were analyzed using SPSS software. Based on the obtained results, virtual reality has the most significant effect on the visual understanding of the architectural environment in the interpretation component. Augmented reality and computer-based environments are next in terms of audience acceptance. Computer-based environments and virtual reality showed superior performance in the cognitive section, while audiences were less receptive to augmented reality.

Abstract This study examines the impact of perceived physical dimensions of open spaces on the social interactions of students in girls' high schools, with a focus on the mediating role of nature and furniture quality. Open spaces in schools play a vital role in the holistic development of students, yet the precise impact of the physical dimensions of these spaces on social interactions, especially in girls' high schools, has been underexplored. The main objective of this research is to understand how the physical dimensions of open spaces influence students' social interactions and to examine the mediating role of natural elements and furniture quality in this relationship. A case study approach was adopted, focusing on Somayeh (S) Girls' High School in Tehran. Data were collected through questionnaires, field observations, and semi-structured interviews with students and staff, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The results indicate that a proper understanding of the physical dimensions of open spaces has a positive and significant effect on students' social interactions. Moreover, the presence of natural elements and high-quality furniture enhances this effect as mediating factors. The findings suggest that intelligent design of open spaces, considering physical dimensions along with the inclusion of natural elements and quality furniture, can significantly improve students' social interactions and learning experiences. This study provides practical recommendations for designers, school administrators, and educational policymakers to create more favorable learning environments for female students by leveraging these findings. Furthermore, the research highlights the importance of addressing the specific needs of female students in the design of educational spaces and paves the way for further studies in this field.

Abstract This paper investigates the experiences and perceptions of tourists regarding the architectural techniques employed in Iran's desert bathhouses, with a focus on energy conservation and heat loss prevention strategies. In the modern era, with increasing concerns about climate change and the conservation of natural resources, the importance of traditional architectural principles as effective solutions for optimizing energy use and preserving resources has gained greater attention. Iran's traditional bathhouses, particularly in hot and arid climates, are recognized as exemplary models of specialized designs and advanced heating systems. These structures have not only successfully addressed climatic challenges but have also emerged as symbols of Iran's architectural history and culture. The research methodology of this paper includes both qualitative and quantitative analyses, conducted through in-depth interviews with tourists and experts. This approach allows researchers to explore tourists' perceptions of the technical features and functional aspects of the bathhouses, gaining a deeper understanding of their experiences. The findings of this study indicate that tourists' general understanding of traditional architectural features, especially in terms of energy conservation and heat loss reduction, remains limited. This paper seeks to answer whether tourists are more focused on the technical aspects of these structures or their aesthetic qualities. Additionally, it examines the factors that tourists consider important in evaluating the energy efficiency and thermal performance of these buildings. Ultimately, the results of this research can lead to the development of innovative strategies for better and more effective utilization of Iran's traditional bathhouses as part of the country's cultural and historical heritage. A better understanding of tourists' perspectives and perceptions can contribute to the optimal preservation and restoration of these structures and offer a more comprehensive view of the impact of traditional architecture on their thermal performance.

Abstract This article examines the impact of social interactions among residents on the quality of life in shared residential environments. The home, as a place of comfort and security, needs to fulfill both the biological and social needs of individuals. In this context, social interactions within neighborhoods play a key role in enhancing life satisfaction. Common spaces such as courtyards and green areas can help strengthen these relationships, and appropriate design of these spaces, especially in large residential complexes, can reduce feelings of isolation and increase social interactions. Studies have shown that common spaces, when designed and managed properly, can encourage residents to engage in more interactions. These spaces are not only beneficial for leisure activities but also provide opportunities for social relationships. Additionally, maintaining privacy while providing suitable spaces for social interactions is of particular importance. Research findings indicate that social interactions have a positive impact on quality of life. The design of public spaces should ensure a sense of security and comfort for residents, enabling them to interact easily with one another. Shared residential environments that offer social facilities, green spaces, and recreational amenities directly impact the quality of life of the residents. Finally, this article provides recommendations for residential complex managers to strengthen social interactions and enhance residents' quality of life by organizing regular social programs and designing appropriate public spaces. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of designing residential environments that meet the social needs of residents and offers strategies to improve quality of life in these environments.

Abstract With the increase in population and the advancement in civilization in ancient Iran, Iranians developed a unique innovation to minimize competition for water consumption, known as Kariz or Qanat. This invention, unparalleled in its kind worldwide, transfers water without cost and energy, transforming flat plains suitable for agriculture into areas for production, tranquility, and security, and currently serving as a fundamental element of life in arid regions. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the role of qanats in the formation of primitive cities from a spatial perspective. The findings indicate that historically, the existence of qanats dates back to the second millennium BC in the region of West Azerbaijan in Iran and present-day eastern Turkey. The first qanats in Iran were developed in the northwest of the country and later spread to the central plateau. Physically, the presence of qanats significantly influences the urban structure. It affects site selection and location, the creation of communication networks at various scales, and the formation of buildings and architectural spaces necessary for settlements. The connections between qanat branches lead to the development of gardens, residential spaces, and essential urban functions, all of which ultimately connect to the primary qanat well.