The dominance of quantitative, density-oriented, and economically driven approaches in the design of many contemporary residential complexes has reduced attention to residents’ psychological, social, and meaning-related needs, thereby weakening their emotional connection with the living environment. The main problem addressed in this study is the absence of an integrated framework for translating human needs into physical and spatial components applicable to residential design. Accordingly, this research aims to explain physical components responsive to human needs and develop a framework for enhancing place attachment in contemporary residential complexes. The main research question examines how physical components responsive to human needs can strengthen residents’ attachment to their residential environment. The study is applied in purpose and descriptive–analytical in nature. Data were collected through library and documentary research and a review of relevant sources concerning human needs, environmental psychology, housing quality, and place attachment. The collected data were examined using qualitative content analysis. During the analytical process, the extracted concepts were coded and classified into three dimensions: physical–functional, psychological–social, and meaning–cultural needs. The findings identified spatial hierarchy and privacy, safety and legibility, flexibility, spatial diversity, communal spaces, connection with nature, visual and identity-related qualities, personalization and participation, human scale and accessibility, and an appropriate relationship between indoor and outdoor spaces as the most significant physical components contributing to place attachment. The results further demonstrated that satisfying physical needs alone is insufficient to ensure lasting residential satisfaction. Place attachment is strengthened when the residential environment simultaneously provides comfort, security, environmental control, social interaction, freedom of choice, identity formation, and opportunities for creating individual and collective memories. Therefore, human-centered design in residential complexes requires an integrated spatial system connecting residential units, transitional spaces, communal territories, circulation areas, and natural elements. The proposed framework can serve as a basis for the preliminary design and qualitative evaluation of contemporary residential complexes and assist architects in translating different levels of human needs into practical design principles.