تبيين چالش‌های نظری کیفیت هوای داخلی ساختمان‌های سبز و فرصت‌های بهبود آن
فاطمه رجبی
1
(
استادیار، دانشكده فني مهندسي، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.
)
کلید واژه: تهویه, ساختمان سبز, کیفیت هوای داخل, سلامت ساکنان.,
چکیده مقاله :
ساختمان‌های سبز که امروزه جهت بهره‌وری انرژی طراحی می‌شوند، بر کارآمدی انرژی و منابع تمرکز داشته و کمتر به کیفیت هوای محيط داخلي می‌پردازند؛ فقدان کیفیت مطلوب هوای داخل بسیاری از این ساختمان‌ها سلامت ساکنین را مختل می‌کند و آسیب‌های جبران ناپذیری در پي خواهد داشت. این مقاله با هدف کاربردیِ تبیین فرصت‌های بهبود کیفیت هوای داخلی به بررسی چالش‌های کیفیت هوای محيط داخلي در ساختمان‌هاي سبز می‌پردازد. در اين راستا ابتدا مروری بر تعاریف ساختمان سبز و کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی مي‌شود و نحوه پرداختن ساختمان‌های سبز به کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی ساختمان به روش اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای بررسي خواهد شد. در ادامه به روش توصیفی تحلیلی با مقایسه کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی ساختمان‌های سبز و معمولی، اقدامات به اصطلاح سبزي که تاثیرات نامطلوبی روی کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی دارند شناسایی شده و با تحلیل محتوای کیفی مجموعه‌ای از راهكارهای بهبود کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی پیشنهاد می‌شود. یافته‌های به دست آمده نشان می‌دهند علی رغم اینکه عموما کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی درک شده در ساختمان‌های سبز، بالاتر از ساختمان‌های معمولی بوده، اما سبز بودنِ ساختمان، لزوماً کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی مطلوب‌تری را تضمین نمی‌کند. بر اساس جمع بندی داده‌های نظری، علاوه بر تهویه، باید بر راهبردهای دیگری نظیر کنترل منابع و کاهش مواجهه ساکنین با آلاینده‌ها تمرکز نمود. از جمله راهكارهاي بهبود کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی می‌توان به الزام رعایت دستورالعمل‌های کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی برای آلاینده‌های کلیدی و اعطای امتیاز در گواهي ساختمان سبز برای کاهش و به حداقل رساندن آلاينده‌ها، توسعه شاخص‌ها و معیارهای کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی، اعطای امتیاز برای تست آلایندگی محصولات مورد استفاده در ساختمان، نظارت منظم بر کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی، بررسی تأثیرات متقابل راه‌حل‌ها در سایر معیارهای تولید ساختمان‌های سبز بر کیفیت هوای محیط داخلی اشاره کرد.
چکیده انگلیسی :
Green buildings, designed today with a focus on energy efficiency, emphasize energy and resource performance while often paying less attention to indoor air quality (IAQ). The lack of optimal indoor air quality in many of these buildings disrupts occupants’ health and may lead to irreversible damage. This article, with a practical aim of elucidating opportunities for improving indoor air quality, investigates the challenges associated with IAQ in green buildings. To this end, the study first reviews the definitions of green buildings and indoor air quality, examining how green buildings address IAQ through a documentary and library-based research method. Subsequently, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study compares the indoor air quality of green and conventional buildings, identifying so-called "green" measures that adversely affect IAQ. Through qualitative content analysis, a set of strategies for improving indoor air quality is proposed. The findings indicate that, although the perceived indoor air quality in green buildings is generally higher than in conventional buildings, being "green" does not necessarily guarantee superior IAQ. Based on a synthesis of theoretical data, in addition to ventilation, emphasis should be placed on strategies such as source control and reducing occupants’ exposure to pollutants. Proposed strategies for enhancing IAQ include mandating compliance with indoor air quality guidelines for key pollutants, awarding points in green building certifications for reducing and minimizing pollutants, developing IAQ indicators and criteria, providing incentives for testing the emission levels of building materials, conducting regular IAQ monitoring, and assessing the interactive effects of solutions on other green building production criteria in relation to IAQ.
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